He studied geometry, chemistry, physics, logic, music, mathematics, medicine, astronomy. He knew Hebrew, Sanskirit, Arabic, Turkey and Greek languages. He studied the philosophy of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and the epistles of Kindi, Farabi and Avicenna (abu ali Sina). His comparative study of Old Testament, Qoran and the writings of Tradition (Hadis) led him to denounce the hypocrisies of the Shiite sect. Naserkhosro writes:
"Senselessness and unconsciousness do not bring peace of mind. One cannot be called a wise man if one leads people to unconsciousness. It is necessary to search for something that flourishes reason and increases wisdom".

Automn of 1045; eight years after change of power from Ghaznavi to Saljooghi, he resigned from service of Saljooghi and set his great journey with his younger brother Abu-Saeed. (see map)
He travelled by the way of Shaburqan to Merv, then proceeded to Neyshapour and visiting the tomb of Sufi saint Bayazid of Bistan at Qumis, came by way of Demghan to Samnan, where he met Ostad Ali Nisai, a pupil of Avicenna and lecturer on arithmetic, geometry and medicine.

25-Aug-1046, passing through Qazwin he reached Tabriz and met the poet Oatran to whom he explained passages in poems of Daghighi and Maujik. Then he made his way successively to Van, Akhiat, Bittis, Arzan, Mayfaraqin, Amid, Aleppo. Then 'he visited Hama, Tripoli, Beirut, Sidon, Tyre, Acre, Hayfa, Syria, Jerusalem and Bethlehem.
07-Aug-1047 he arrived at Cairo. In 1052 he returned Khorasan, Iran where he wrote his Travely Journeys.[Safarnameh Naserkhosro]
Naserkhosro has written numerous works both in verse and prose that were studied by western scholars like Bland, Dorn, Ethe, Fagnan. Noldeke, Pertsch, Riev, Schefer.

In his Book of Felicity [Roshanâ-yi Nâmeh] Naserkhosro sharply criticizes religious hypocrisy.
He vigorously campaigned against Shiism (sect of Islam). Fundamentalist clerics in Iran agitated the public to rise against him in enmity. So he was persecuted and had to flee from Balkh and seek refuge in Mazandarân for a while. All this is narrated in his book Gohar-râz and Zad ol-Mosâferin.
His other works include Khân Akhvân, Dalil al-Motahayerin, Divan Ashâr (Book of Poems), Bostan al-Oghool,
Other prominent Persians of his time were Omar Khayâm, Hasan Sabâh and Moayed Shirâzi.

1088 Naserkhosro died as exiled, in Yomkân valley, Badakhshân.